1362
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029
Attendance by month
EP · roll-call · last 180 daysCredited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated
Missed votes by sitting
EP · attendance register · last 180 daysEvery plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works
- Thu, 22 Oct 2026Missed 1 of 76 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 8 Oct 2026Missed 2 of 145 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 7 Oct 2026Missed 2 of 54 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 5 Oct 2026Missed the 1 voteNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 16 Sept 2026Missed 1 of 80 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 8 Jul 2026Missed 2 of 144 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 7 Jul 2026Missed 1 of 72 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 18 Jun 2026Missed 1 of 77 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 17 Jun 2026Missed 2 of 127 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 21 May 2026Missed all 98 votesOfficially excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Show all 13 sitting daysShow fewer
- Wed, 20 May 2026Missed all 96 votesOfficially excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 19 May 2026Missed all 3 votesOfficially excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 18 May 2026Missed all 4 votesOfficially excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Voting Record
Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 22 Oct 2026
22 Oct 2026Escalation of Russian strikes in the EU, particularly on Bla…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strength…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postpon…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstADOPTED
Voting against the party line
Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.
Different from S&D majority
1.9% (3 of 161)
The S&D average on the same method is 5.1%. Counted only when Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.
Different from national-party majority
0.0% (0 of 138)
Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE) · 2 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.
Largest breaks from the group majority
17 Jun 2026Abstain
2025 Commission report on Kosovo
Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA voted Abstain; 85% of voting S&D members (100 of 118) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗8 Jul 2026Abstain
Objection pursuant to Rule 114(3): Trajectory to decrease the contribution of high indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels to renewable energy targets
Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA voted Abstain; 76% of voting S&D members (94 of 123) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗20 Oct 2026Against
Objection pursuant to Rule 114(3): Certification methodologies for carbon farming activities
Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA voted Against; 75% of voting S&D members (92 of 123) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often
Vote predictions
Vote modelComputed from Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.
90% accurate on 5,744 held-out votes
Coming up in plenary, early prediction
EU agri-food promotion policy
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 70% of 366 agriculture votes
For likely
Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 91% of 843 digital votes
For likely
From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 61% of 997 defence votes
For likely
Predicted stance by topic
- climateFor 86% of 14
- tradeFor 100% of 9
- employmentFor 100% of 9
- transportFor 88% of 8
- foreignFor 88% of 8
- defenceFor 63% of 8
- economyFor 88% of 8
- digitalFor 100% of 6
- healthFor 67% of 6
- rule of lawFor 100% of 5
- fisheriesFor 75% of 4
- migrationFor 50% of 4
- budgetFor 100% of 4
- energyFor 67% of 3
- agricultureFor 67% of 3
Votes Laura missed, how they would likely have voted
Empowering France to accede to the Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles
2026-10-07
For · 95%
100% of 122 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
CO2 emission class of heavy-duty vehicles with trailers
2026-10-07
For · 95%
100% of 118 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 86% of 14 climate votes · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
The need to reduce work-related fatalities
2026-05-21
For · 95%
100% of 69 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Advancing towards a care society: addressing the gender care gap
2026-05-21
Abstain · 75%
92% of 85 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Abstain · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
The multiannual plan for the Baltic Sea and ways forward
2026-05-21
For · 95%
100% of 96 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Rapporteur files
Files in the 2024–2029 term where Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.
Rapporteur · 2
Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.
Amending Directive 2013/11/EU on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes, as well as Directives (EU) 2015/2302, (EU) 2019/2161 and (EU) 2020/1828
2023/0376(COD) ↗ · IMCO · appointed 13 Sep 2024
Repealing Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 and amending Regulations (EU) 2017/2394 and (EU) 2018/1724 with regards to the discontinuation of the European ODR Platform
2023/0375(COD) ↗ · IMCO · appointed 13 Sep 2024
Opinion rapporteur · 2
Writes another committee's opinion for the lead committee.
Impact of social media and the online environment on young people
2025/2081(INI) ↗ · IMCO · appointed 1 Jul 2025
Voted for on this file · 17 Sep 2026
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Agreement establishing an association between the European Union and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino respectively
2024/0101(NLE) ↗ · IMCO · appointed 9 Jan 2025
Shadow rapporteur · 2
Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Agreement establishing an association between the European Union and the Principality of Andorra and the Republic of San Marino respectively
2024/0101(NLE) ↗ · appointed 12 Mar 2025
Substantiation and communication of explicit environmental claims (Green Claims Directive)
2023/0085(COD) ↗ · appointed 13 Sep 2024
Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 31 Oct 2026 · How we compile this
Financial Declarations
Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP
Estimated outside income
€0–0/year
Based on declared income bands
0 declared activities
2 board memberships
Member of the Executive Board of the Party of Catalan SocialistsUnpaidBoard
Member of the Executive Board of the Catalan Council of the European MovementUnpaidBoard
Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026
View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →Events and gifts declared to the Parliament
Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)
These lists link to declarations Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.
Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)
No event declarations published on the EP website for this term. See Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗.
Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)
No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.
Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed
Recent Lobby Meetings
Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
19 Oct 2026DIGITALEUROPEEuropean Chips Act 2.0 · Member ·2026/0139(COD)
13 Oct 2026Save the Children SpainProtection of minors online · Member
2 Oct 20265Rights FoundationEU Kids Act · Member
1 Oct 2026Apple Inc.EU Kids Act · Member
28 Sept 2026Child Helpline InternationalEU Kids Act · Member
23 Sept 2026Cosmetics EuropeEU Product Act · Member
22 Sept 2026EUROPEAN TRADE UNION CONFEDERATIONPublic Procurement Act · Member
22 Sept 2026Too Good To GoDFA · Member
Meetings on legislative files
Declared meetings that name a file, the recorded role on that file, and the plenary roll-call, in date order.
3 meetings on 3 files
These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
Protection of minors online
- Save the Children SpainMember
Public procurement
Source: European Parliament meeting declarations · EU Transparency Register · HowTheyVote.eu / EP roll-call · EP Open Data Portal (roles) · How we match meetings to files
Parliamentary questions
Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)
44written and priority questions as author or co-author
Written 33 · Priority 11 · 39 co-authored
Not in this count: 1 oral question
Latest 10
- 9 Sept 2026Strengthening EU measures to address thefts of cultural property in Member StatesWritten question E-003600/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 4Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 2 Sept 2026Meta’s new protections for minors in the US and implications in the EUPriority question P-003447/2026To the CommissionAnswered 27 Oct 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 24 Jul 2026Compatibility with EU law of legislative measures adopted by the Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Valencia with regard to ‘national priority’Written question E-003118/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 16Answered 15 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Jul 2026Urgent appeal for the release of Dr Hussam Abu SafiyaWritten question E-003029/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 17Answered 2 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Jul 2026Protecting EU consumers from non-compliant sun creams being sold on e-commerce platformsWritten question E-002857/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 7 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 18 Jun 2026Online gambling: protecting EU citizens, promoting the integrity of the single market and safeguarding tax fairnessWritten question E-002534/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 3 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 17 Jun 2026Dynamic pricing for major sporting and cultural eventsWritten question E-002518/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 35Answered 15 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Jun 2026Potential conflict of interest in the appointment of the Special Envoy for Industrial AIPriority question P-002401/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 37Answered 13 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 1 Jun 2026Evidence of systemic failures by online platforms to tackle financial scamsWritten question E-002217/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 27Answered 28 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 21 May 2026Protection of consumers, particularly minors, from predatory practices in mobile video games distributed through major app storesWritten question E-002116/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 30 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 44 questionsShow fewer
- 30 Apr 2026Opposition groups in Spain blocking implementation of the Digital Services ActPriority question P-001777/2026To the CommissionAnswered 10 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 Apr 2026Compatibility of the principle of ‘national priority’ with EU lawWritten question E-001720/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 19Answered 1 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Apr 2026Abusive practices by airlines in response to rising fuel prices caused by the conflict in the Middle EastWritten question E-001463/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 5 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Mar 2026Privacy risks and GDPR compliance issues linked to Meta’s smart glasses and AI training practicesPriority question P-000903/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 34Answered 1 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 27 Jan 2026Ensuring the safety of products sold online and legal accountabilityPriority question P-000315/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 3 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 22 Jan 2026AI companion chatbots: protecting minors under EU lawWritten question E-000256/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 27Answered 18 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 20 Jan 2026Ban AI-powered nudity and undressing applications from the EU marketWritten question E-000202/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 52Answered 9 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 13 Jan 2026Meta algorithms and democratic processesWritten question E-000086/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 8Answered 9 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Jan 2026Data privacy and security risks posed by AI and browser extensions harvesting AI chat conversationsWritten question E-000056/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 17 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 17 Dec 2025Compliance of Booking Holdings with the Digital Markets ActWritten question E-004981/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 9Answered 23 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Dec 2025New proposal on 2026 fishing opportunities in the western Mediterranean: one step closer to the possible collapse of Spain’s Mediterranean fisheries sectorWritten question E-004823/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 9Answered 11 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 18 Nov 2025Safeguarding small and medium-sized enterprises support in the next EU budgetPriority question P-004591/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 5Answered 5 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 17 Nov 2025Towards a sustainable balance for bottom trawling in the MediterraneanWritten question E-004578/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 6Answered 14 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 12 Nov 2025Child-like sex dolls for sale: major e-commerce platforms failing to comply with EU lawWritten question E-004488/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 47Answered 5 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 22 Oct 2025The ongoing disinformation campaign targeting the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East and the EU’s support to the agencyWritten question E-004158/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 41Answered 25 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Sept 2025Protection of journalists and investigation into killings in GazaWritten question E-003482/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 108Answered 4 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 23 Jul 2025Update of guidelines to combat greenwashing in accordance with Directive (EU) 2024/825Written question E-003053/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 8Answered 4 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 18 Jul 2025Plugging the gaps: EU measures for transparent and fair EV charging feesWritten question E-003009/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 11 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Jul 2025Concerns over Israeli online campaigns and enforcement of DSA obligationsWritten question E-002936/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 31Answered 12 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Jun 2025Enforcement of the Digital Markets Act in the context of EU-US trade negotiationsPriority question P-002647/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 24Answered 29 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 May 2025The 2 059 Meta content moderator redundancies in Barcelona, viewed in light of the Digital Services ActWritten question E-002137/2025To the CommissionAnswered 22 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Apr 2025Urgent humanitarian response in Myanmar following devastating earthquakeWritten question E-001385/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 12Answered 20 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 Feb 2025Action plan on rare diseasesWritten question E-000886/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 33Answered 26 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 25 Feb 2025Danger to democracy posed by the new European digital regulatory approachWritten question E-000840/2025To the CommissionAnswered 19 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Jan 2025Meta’s recent decision to end fact-checking on Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp in the United StatesWritten question E-000423/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 31Answered 31 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 3 Jan 2025How to tackle inflationary dynamics in food marketsWritten question E-000005/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 10 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 19 Dec 2024Adapting the fishing sector to the fishing opportunities for 2025Written question E-003051/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 14 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 19 Dec 2024New pact for the MediterraneanWritten question E-003050/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 7 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Dec 2024The spread of disinformation by recommender systems and other automated mechanisms as a systemic risk under the Digital Services ActWritten question E-002826/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 39Answered 19 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 5 Dec 2024Fishing opportunities in the Mediterranean in 2025: a disproportionate proposal that would have devastating socioeconomic consequences in the regionPriority question P-002788/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 21 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 5 Dec 2024The role of TikTok in the Romanian presidential electionWritten question E-002794/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 36Answered 11 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 21 Nov 2024Change of algorithm on X before US electionPriority question P-002623/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 41Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 15 Oct 2024Danger to the physical and mental safety of European adolescents and young people on social networksPriority question P-002083/2024To the CommissionAnswered 12 Nov 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 5 Sept 2024New Afghan morality law or law of silence, the culmination of a regime of ‘gender apartheid ’Priority question P-001630/2024To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 6Answered 14 Oct 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show the 1 oral questionShow fewer
- 9 Oct 2026The need for urgent EU action to tackle financial scam advertisements on online platformsOral question O-000042/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 55Question ↗PDF ↗
Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 31 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 26 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted
About Laura BALLARÍN CEREZA
Laura Ballarín Cereza is a Member of the European Parliament for Spain, belonging to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) — the centre-left group — and the Partido Socialista Obrero Español. The current seat is in the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029), following service in the 9th term. From 2019 to 2023, Ballarín Cereza was Head of the Cabinet of the President of the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats. Earlier roles include Accredited Parliamentary Assistant in the Committee on Foreign Affairs (2014-2019) and Policy Advisor for EU and International Relations at the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) (2009-2012). Since 2021, the MEP has been Secretary for European and International Policy of the Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC).
Summary grounded in cited sources
View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →More MEPs from Spain
More MEPs in Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Methodology
Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.
Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →