Attendance by month
EP · roll-call · last 180 daysCredited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated
Missed votes by sitting
EP · attendance register · last 180 daysEvery plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works
- Thu, 8 Oct 2026Missed all 145 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 7 Oct 2026Missed 2 of 54 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 16 Sept 2026Missed 2 of 80 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 15 Sept 2026Missed 3 of 155 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 8 Jul 2026Missed all 144 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 15 Jun 2026Missed all 2 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 19 May 2026Missed all 3 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 18 May 2026Missed all 4 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 29 Apr 2026Missed 1 of 296 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 28 Apr 2026Missed 2 of 225 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Show all 11 sitting daysShow fewer
- Mon, 27 Apr 2026Missed all 2 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Voting Record
Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 8 Oct 2026
Voting against the party line
Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Rasmus ANDRESEN voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.
Different from Greens/EFA majority
5.5% (10 of 183)
The Greens/EFA average on the same method is 5.6%. Counted only when Rasmus ANDRESEN cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.
Different from national-party majority
3.3% (6 of 183)
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Alliance '90/The Greens) · 12 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.
Financial literacy and the rise of finfluencers in the context of the savings and investments union
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted Against; 98% of voting Greens/EFA members (43 of 44) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Discharge 2024: EU general budget – European Data Protection Supervisor
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted Against; 98% of voting Greens/EFA members (42 of 43) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Acceleration of permit-granting for defence readiness projects (Omnibus V)
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted For; 78% of voting Greens/EFA members (38 of 49) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted For; 76% of voting Greens/EFA members (38 of 50) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted For; 74% of voting Greens/EFA members (34 of 46) voted Abstain.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted Abstain; 64% of voting Greens/EFA members (27 of 42) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Implementation of the Council Recommendation on a Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted Abstain; 60% of voting Greens/EFA members (30 of 50) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposures
Rasmus ANDRESEN voted Abstain; 57% of voting Greens/EFA members (24 of 42) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often
Vote predictions
Vote modelComputed from Rasmus ANDRESEN’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.
91% accurate on 5,736 held-out votes
Coming up in plenary, early prediction
Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted For in 53% of 514 digital votes
From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted For in 55% of 391 defence votes
EU agri-food promotion policy
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted Against in 53% of 182 agriculture votes
Predicted stance by topic
- budgetFor 92% of 13
- digitalFor 55% of 11
- climateFor 80% of 10
- tradeFor 90% of 10
- economyFor 78% of 9
- defenceFor 75% of 8
- rule of lawFor 100% of 8
- fisheriesFor 43% of 7
- transportFor 71% of 7
- foreignFor 100% of 7
- employmentFor 100% of 7
- healthFor 60% of 5
- agricultureFor 50% of 4
- justiceFor 100% of 4
- institutionalFor 100% of 4
Votes Rasmus missed, how they would likely have voted
The need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood network
2026-10-08
95% of 42 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 85% of the last 20 cast votes
The 2026 undemocratic elections to the Russian State Duma and its implications on civil society
2026-10-08
98% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 7 foreign votes · voted For in 85% of the last 20 cast votes
Pilot project on European Schools Alliances and its contribution to citizenship education, democratic competences and European values
2026-10-08
98% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 8 rule of law votes · voted For in 85% of the last 20 cast votes
The cases of Ali Karimli, Anar Mammadli and other political prisoners in Azerbaijan
2026-10-08
100% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 85% of the last 20 cast votes
Attempts by the ruling party Georgian Dream to ban opposition parties in Georgia
2026-10-08
100% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 7 foreign votes · voted For in 85% of the last 20 cast votes
Rapporteur files
Files in the 2024–2029 term where Rasmus ANDRESEN was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.
Rapporteur · 2
Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.
Competition policy – annual report 2026
2026/2119(INI) ↗ · ECON · appointed 23 Sep 2026
Global role of the euro
2025/2249(INI) ↗ · ECON · appointed 15 Dec 2025
Voted for on this file · 15 Sep 2026
Opinion rapporteur · 2
Writes another committee's opinion for the lead committee.
Establishing Global Europe
2025/0227(COD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 4 Mar 2026
Establishing the Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation and Decommissioning for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulations (Euratom) 2021/100 and (Euratom) 2021/948
2025/0265(CNS) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 6 Feb 2026
Voted for on this file · 16 Sep 2026
Shadow rapporteur · 25
Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.
A tax framework for ultra-high-net-worth individuals
2026/2113(INI) ↗ · appointed 2 Oct 2026
European Central Bank – annual report 2026
2026/2121(INI) ↗ · appointed 23 Sep 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 as regards the access of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) to value added tax information at Union level
2025/0348(CNS) ↗ · appointed 13 Feb 2026
Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034
2025/0238(COD) ↗ · appointed 20 Jan 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) No 472/2013 as regards the economic and budgetary surveillance of Member States in the euro area experiencing or threatened with serious difficulties with respect to their financial stability
2025/0312(COD) ↗ · appointed 17 Dec 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) No 1173/2011 and (EU) No 473/2013 as regards alignment with the EU economic governance framework and further simplification of that framework
2025/0311(COD) ↗ · appointed 17 Dec 2025
The EU’s approach to corporate tax policy in a changing international environment
2025/2210(INI) ↗ · appointed 12 Dec 2025
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Sweden – EGF/2025/003 SE/Northvolt
2025/0326(BUD) ↗ · appointed 4 Nov 2025
Show 17 more
Competition policy – annual report 2025
2025/2134(INI) ↗ · appointed 29 Oct 2025
Amending Directive (EU) 2020/262 as regards the general arrangements for excise duty in respect of tobacco and tobacco related products
2025/0581(CNS) ↗ · appointed 11 Sep 2025
Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast)
2025/0580(CNS) ↗ · appointed 11 Sep 2025
Bulgaria's adoption of the euro on 1 January 2026
2025/0158(NLE) ↗ · appointed 12 Jun 2025
Implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility
2024/2085(INI) ↗ · appointed 8 May 2025
Facilitating the financing of investments and reforms to boost European competitiveness and creating a Capital Markets Union (Draghi Report)
2024/2116(INI) ↗ · appointed 3 Feb 2025
A coherent tax framework for the EU's financial sector
2024/2117(INI) ↗ · appointed 21 Nov 2024
System of own resources of the European Union and repealing Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053
2025/0574(CNS) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Ninth report on economic and social cohesion
2024/2107(INI) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Methods and procedure for making available own resources based on the Emissions Trading System, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and reallocated profits and on the measures to meet cash requirements
2022/0071(NLE) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT)
2023/0321(CNS) ↗ · appointed 12 Sep 2024
Framework for Financial Data Access and amending Regulations (EU) No 1093/2010, (EU) No 1094/2010, (EU) No 1095/2010 and (EU) 2022/2554
2023/0205(COD) ↗ · appointed 12 Sep 2024
Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes
2023/0187(CNS) ↗ · appointed 12 Sep 2024
Draft amending budget no 3 to the general budget 2025 - Adjustment in payment appropriations, update of revenues and other technical updates
2025/0319(BUD) ↗ · appointed 24 Jul 2024
Draft amending budget no 2 to the general budget 2025 - Update of revenue (own resources) and adjustments to expenditure
2025/0206(BUD) ↗ · appointed 24 Jul 2024
Draft amending budget no 1 to the general budget 2025 entering the surplus of the financial year 2024
2025/0091(BUD) ↗ · appointed 24 Jul 2024
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 - all sections
2024/0176(BUD) ↗ · appointed 23 Jul 2024
Show more: shadow rapporteur for opinions (22)
Follows another committee’s opinion for their political group.
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures
2025/0419(COD) ↗ · appointed 25 May 2026
Establishing the Temporary Decarbonisation Fund
2025/0418(COD) ↗ · appointed 25 May 2026
Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034
2025/0239(COD) ↗ · appointed 4 May 2026
Establishing the European Fund for Regional Development including for European Territorial Cooperation (Interreg) and the Cohesion Fund as part of the Fund set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRP] and establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to regional development from 2028 to 2034
2025/0238(COD) ↗ · appointed 4 May 2026
Establishing the Justice programme for the period 2028-2034 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/693
2025/0255(COD) ↗ · appointed 30 Apr 2026
Establishing the Specific Programme implementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation for the period 2028-2034, laying down the rules for participation and dissemination under that Programme
2025/0544(CNS) ↗ · appointed 7 Apr 2026
Establishing the Connecting Europe Facility for the period 2028-2034, amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/1153
2025/0221(COD) ↗ · appointed 7 Apr 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities
2025/0545(COD) ↗ · appointed 9 Mar 2026
Conclusion of a broad package of agreements to consolidate, deepen and expand the bilateral relations with the Swiss Confederation
2025/0162(NLE) ↗ · appointed 19 Feb 2026
System of own resources of the European Union and repealing Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053
2025/0574(CNS) ↗ · appointed 14 Nov 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund + (ESF+) as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges
2025/0085(COD) ↗ · appointed 23 May 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) 2021/1058 and (EU) 2021/1056 as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges in the context of the mid-term review
2025/0084(COD) ↗ · appointed 23 May 2025
Implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
2024/2108(INI) ↗ · appointed 20 May 2025
Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation (BEFIT)
2023/0321(CNS) ↗ · appointed 7 May 2025
Possibilities for simplification of cohesion funds
2024/2106(INI) ↗ · appointed 23 Apr 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism
2025/0039(COD) ↗ · appointed 7 Apr 2025
Facilitating the financing of investments and reforms to boost European competitiveness and creating a Capital Markets Union (Draghi Report)
2024/2116(INI) ↗ · appointed 6 Mar 2025
Macro-financial assistance to the Arab Republic of Egypt
2024/0071(COD) ↗ · appointed 18 Dec 2024
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 - all sections
2025/0210(BUD) ↗ · appointed 12 Dec 2024
EU Emissions Trading System and market stability reserve: competitiveness and cost-effective decarbonisation
2026/0212(COD) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Adjustment of customs duties on the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America and opening of tariff quotas for imports of certain goods originating in the United States of America
2025/0261(COD) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods
2025/0260(COD) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024
Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 23 Oct 2026 · How we compile this
Financial Declarations
Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP
Estimated outside income
€0–0/year
Based on declared income bands
0 declared activities
4 board memberships
Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026
View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →Events and gifts declared to the Parliament
Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)
These lists link to declarations Rasmus ANDRESEN made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.
Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)
No event declarations published on the EP website for this term. See Rasmus ANDRESEN's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗.
Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)
No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.
Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed
Recent Lobby Meetings
Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
None of Rasmus ANDRESEN’s recent declarations named a legislative file we could match with confidence. A meeting is listed on a file only when the declaration names that procedure (a reference such as 2025/0241(COD), or a title that uniquely matches one file).
Parliamentary questions
Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)
Written 19 · Priority 5 · 20 co-authored
Not in this count: 1 oral question
Latest 10
- 13 Oct 2026Addressing the legal gender recognition reform in the Commission’s 2026 report on MontenegroWritten question E-004128/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 14Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 17 Sept 2026Enforcement of the requirement to appoint an authorised representativeWritten question E-003737/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 10Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 17 Jun 2026Dynamic pricing for major sporting and cultural eventsWritten question E-002518/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 35Answered 15 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Jun 2026Compatibility of the planned Oldenburg stadium project with EU State aid rulesWritten question E-002474/2026To the CommissionAnswered 30 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 31 Mar 2026Dynamic pricing, competition concerns and consumer protection in FIFA World Cup 2026 ticket salesWritten question E-001336/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 22Answered 9 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 13 Mar 2026Measures to address the surge in energy pricesPriority question P-001060/2026To the CommissionAnswered 10 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Mar 2026German Bundeskartellamt inquiry into Amazon pricing practicesWritten question E-000989/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 24Answered 5 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 23 Feb 2026European Macroeconomic Report 2026Priority question P-000734/2026To the CommissionAnswered 10 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 14 Jan 2026Big Tech lobby attack on the EU’s transparency and targeting of political advertising rulesWritten question E-000158/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 24Answered 27 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 17 Dec 2025Persistently high food prices, market concentration and competition enforcementPriority question P-004982/2025To the CommissionAnswered 5 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 24 questionsShow fewer
- 17 Dec 2025Compliance of Booking Holdings with the Digital Markets ActWritten question E-004981/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 9Answered 23 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Oct 2025UN COP30 Climate Change Conference and EU badgesWritten question E-003971/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 14Answered 12 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Jun 2025Enforcement of the Digital Markets Act in the context of EU-US trade negotiationsPriority question P-002647/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 24Answered 29 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Jun 2025Protection of Hungarian citizens’ fundamental rights in the context of biometric identification and surveillance at public gatheringsWritten question E-002415/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 59Answered 1 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 6 Jun 2025US decision to suspend student visas and social media screeningWritten question E-002295/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 45Answered 12 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 7 Apr 2025Taxation of big digital tech companiesWritten question E-001409/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 38Answered 17 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 25 Mar 2025Draft 15th amendment to the Hungarian ConstitutionWritten question E-001233/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 32Answered 23 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 3 Feb 2025Obstacle to competition in France’s outlying territories: upholding EU law in the face of the high cost of livingPriority question P-000461/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 19Answered 31 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 Jan 2025Meta’s discriminatory terms and conditions against the LGBTQIA+ community under the Digital Services ActWritten question E-000384/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 34Answered 28 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 13 Jan 2025Protecting the Bundestag elections – threat of X manipulating votesWritten question E-000093/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 17Answered 4 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 11 Nov 2024Continued availability of operating grants under the 2025 EU4Health work programmeWritten question E-002488/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 28Answered 20 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Oct 2024Brutality of Croatian border policeWritten question E-002123/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 21Answered 24 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Oct 2024Mitigating climate change impact by strengthening EU solidarity mechanismsWritten question E-001992/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 17 Dec 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 1 Oct 2024Georgia’s newly adopted anti-LGBTIQ+ lawWritten question E-001891/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 16Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show the 1 oral questionShow fewer
- 20 Mar 2026Transfer of European citizens’ biometric data to the Trump administrationOral question O-000015/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 48Question ↗PDF ↗
Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 23 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted
About Rasmus ANDRESEN
Rasmus Andresen is a Member of the European Parliament for Germany, sitting with the Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA), the green and regionalist group, and belonging to Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. The current term is the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029), which began on 16 July 2024. Andresen was also a Member of the European Parliament in the 9th parliamentary term, from 2 July 2019 to 15 July 2024.
Summary grounded in cited sources
View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →More MEPs from Germany
More MEPs in Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
Methodology
Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.
Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →