Cloud and AI Development Act
Opinion2026/0138(COD)appointed 15 Jul 2026
- AMDRapporteur for opinion
1560
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029
Attendance by month
EP · roll-call · last 180 daysCredited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated
Missed votes by sitting
EP · attendance register · last 180 daysEvery plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works
- Thu, 8 Oct 2026Missed all 145 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 7 Oct 2026Missed all 54 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 6 Oct 2026Missed all 27 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 5 Oct 2026Missed the 1 voteNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 17 Sept 2026Missed 2 of 124 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 15 Sept 2026Missed 4 of 155 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 9 Jul 2026Missed 7 of 67 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 8 Jul 2026Missed 3 of 144 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 7 Jul 2026Missed 1 of 72 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 18 Jun 2026Missed all 77 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Show all 16 sitting daysShow fewer
- Wed, 17 Jun 2026Missed 2 of 127 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 21 May 2026Missed 3 of 98 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 20 May 2026Missed 4 of 96 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 30 Apr 2026Missed 3 of 68 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 29 Apr 2026Missed 10 of 296 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 28 Apr 2026Missed 7 of 225 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Voting Record
Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 8 Oct 2026
8 Oct 2026The need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026The 2026 undemocratic elections to the Russian State Duma an…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026Pilot project on European Schools Alliances and its contribu…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026The cases of Ali Karimli, Anar Mammadli and other political …EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026Attempts by the ruling party Georgian Dream to ban oppositio…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026Human rights situation in Iran, notably the cases of Taraneh…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingADOPTED
8 Oct 2026Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Monacolin…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingREJECTED
8 Oct 2026Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Certain b…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingREJECTED
8 Oct 2026Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Lead in g…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingREJECTED
8 Oct 2026Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Lead in g…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingREJECTED
Voting against the party line
Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Sergey LAGODINSKY voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.
Different from Greens/EFA majority
6.5% (11 of 170)
The Greens/EFA average on the same method is 5.6%. Counted only when Sergey LAGODINSKY cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.
Different from national-party majority
5.3% (9 of 170)
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Alliance '90/The Greens) · 12 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.
Largest breaks from the group majority
20 May 2026Against
Opportunities and challenges presented by a comprehensive artificial intelligence strategy for EU trade
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted Against; 98% of voting Greens/EFA members (46 of 47) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗9 Jul 2026For
Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted For; 96% of voting Greens/EFA members (47 of 49) voted Abstain.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗17 Sept 2026Abstain
Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted Abstain; 96% of voting Greens/EFA members (44 of 46) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗20 May 2026Abstain
EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted Abstain; 92% of voting Greens/EFA members (44 of 48) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗28 Apr 2026Abstain
Control of the financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2024
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted Abstain; 89% of voting Greens/EFA members (40 of 45) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗17 Sept 2026Abstain
Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted Abstain; 86% of voting Greens/EFA members (42 of 49) voted Against.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗29 Apr 2026For
Discharge 2024: EU general budget – Court of Auditors
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted For; 84% of voting Greens/EFA members (37 of 44) voted Abstain.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗20 May 2026For
Recommendation on the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly
Sergey LAGODINSKY voted For; 74% of voting Greens/EFA members (34 of 46) voted Abstain.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often
Vote predictions
Vote modelComputed from Sergey LAGODINSKY’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.
91% accurate on 5,736 held-out votes
Coming up in plenary, early prediction
Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted For in 53% of 514 digital votes
For likely
From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted For in 55% of 391 defence votes
For likely
EU agri-food promotion policy
2026-11-12 · Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) voted Against in 53% of 182 agriculture votes
For likely
Predicted stance by topic
- digitalFor 45% of 11
- budgetFor 100% of 11
- tradeFor 90% of 10
- fisheriesAbstain 50% of 8
- economyFor 63% of 8
- rule of lawFor 100% of 8
- climateFor 71% of 7
- foreignFor 100% of 7
- transportFor 83% of 6
- defenceFor 67% of 6
- healthFor 60% of 5
- agricultureFor 50% of 4
- justiceFor 100% of 4
- employmentFor 100% of 4
- institutionalFor 100% of 4
- energyFor 67% of 3
Votes Sergey missed, how they would likely have voted
The need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood network
2026-10-08
Against · 75%
95% of 42 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes
The 2026 undemocratic elections to the Russian State Duma and its implications on civil society
2026-10-08
For · 95%
98% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 7 foreign votes · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes
Pilot project on European Schools Alliances and its contribution to citizenship education, democratic competences and European values
2026-10-08
For · 95%
98% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 8 rule of law votes · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes
The cases of Ali Karimli, Anar Mammadli and other political prisoners in Azerbaijan
2026-10-08
For · 95%
100% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes
Attempts by the ruling party Georgian Dream to ban opposition parties in Georgia
2026-10-08
For · 95%
100% of 46 Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 7 foreign votes · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes
Rapporteur files
Files in the 2024–2029 term where Sergey LAGODINSKY was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.
Rapporteur · 1
Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.
European cross-border associations
2023/0315(COD) ↗ · JURI · appointed 18 Nov 2024
Opinion rapporteur · 7
Writes another committee's opinion for the lead committee.
Cloud and AI Development Act
2026/0138(COD) ↗ · JURI · appointed 15 Jul 2026
Amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689 and (EU) 2018/1139 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)
2025/0359(COD) ↗ · JURI · appointed 3 Dec 2025
Voted for on this file · 16 Jun 2026
Just transition directive in the world of work: ensuring the creation of jobs and revitalising local economies
2025/2131(INL) ↗ · JURI · appointed 13 Nov 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) 2021/694, (EU) 2021/695, (EU) 2021/697, (EU) 2021/1153, (EU) 2023/1525 and 2024/795, as regards incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan
2025/0103(COD) ↗ · JURI · appointed 13 Nov 2025
Digitalisation, artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in the workplace – shaping the future of work
2025/2080(INL) ↗ · JURI · appointed 24 Jun 2025
The 28th Regime: a new legal framework for innovative companies
2025/2079(INL) ↗ · JURI · appointed 24 Jun 2025
Enhancing police cooperation in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings, and on enhancing Europol’s support to preventing and combating such crimes and amending Regulation (EU) 2016/794
2023/0438(COD) ↗ · JURI · appointed 24 Jun 2025
Shadow rapporteur · 14
Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.
European Union Space Services Agency and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/696
2026/0084(COD) ↗ · appointed 17 Sep 2026
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy for a review of the EU's Black Sea strategy
2026/2044(INI) ↗ · appointed 16 Sep 2026
Recommendation to the Council, the Commission and the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the foreign policy response to external interference in the EU's neighbourhood
2026/2046(INI) ↗ · appointed 8 Sep 2026
The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.'
2026/0074(COD) ↗ · appointed 17 Jul 2026
Amendments to the Decision of the European Parliament of 28 September 2005 adopting the Statute for Members of the European Parliament, regarding proxy voting
2026/2052(INL) ↗ · appointed 15 Jun 2026
Establishing the Programme for agile and rapid defence innovation (AGILE)
2026/0078(COD) ↗ · appointed 5 May 2026
Implementation of the common foreign and security policy – annual report 2025
2025/2164(INI) ↗ · appointed 18 Nov 2025
Amending Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1173 of 13 July 2021 on establishing the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking and repealing Regulation (EU) 2018/1488
2025/0229(NLE) ↗ · appointed 3 Nov 2025
Show 6 more
Safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union
2025/0335(COD) ↗ · appointed 25 Sep 2025
Amending Regulations (EU) 2021/694, (EU) 2021/695, (EU) 2021/697, (EU) 2021/1153, (EU) 2023/1525 and 2024/795, as regards incentivising defence-related investments in the EU budget to implement the ReArm Europe Plan
2025/0103(COD) ↗ · appointed 4 Jun 2025
EU-US political relations
2025/2084(INI) ↗ · appointed 3 Jun 2025
Compulsory licensing for crisis management and amending Regulation (EC) 816/2006
2023/0129(COD) ↗ · appointed 18 Nov 2024
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence (AI Liability Directive)
2022/0303(COD) ↗ · appointed 18 Nov 2024
2025 Commission report on Georgia
2025/2257(INI) ↗ · appointed 14 Nov 2024
Show more: shadow rapporteur for opinions (2)
Follows another committee’s opinion for their political group.
Establishment of European Business Wallets
2025/0358(COD) ↗ · appointed 11 May 2026
European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’)
2024/0061(COD) ↗ · appointed 19 Mar 2025
Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 23 Oct 2026 · How we compile this
Financial Declarations
Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP
Estimated outside income
€0–0/year
Based on declared income bands
0 declared activities
5 board memberships
Fellow, Global Public Policy InstituteUnpaidBoard
Member of the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)UnpaidBoard
Board Member, European Alliance of Holocaust Survivors (EAHS)UnpaidBoard
Member, Foundation Board Amadeu Antonio StiftungUnpaidBoard
Vice-Chair, Working Group Against Antisemitism (WGAS) European ParliamentUnpaidBoard
Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026
View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →Events and gifts declared to the Parliament
Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)
These lists link to declarations Sergey LAGODINSKY made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.
Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)
- 4 May 2026Declaration (PDF) ↗
- 11 Sept 2024Declaration (PDF) ↗
Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)
No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.
All filings: Sergey LAGODINSKY's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗
Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed
Recent Lobby Meetings
Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
10 Sept 2026oxylabs UABExchange of Views · Member
9 Sept 2026Open Markets InstituteExchange of View · Rapporteur for opinion ·2026/0138(COD)
20 Aug 2026SystechlyExchange of Views · Member
20 Aug 2026SaferAIExchange of Views · Shadow rapporteur for opinion ·2026/0138(COD)
23 Jul 2026Rasmussen GlobalExchange of Views · Shadow rapporteur ·2025/0335(COD)
22 Jul 2026AMDExchange of Views · Rapporteur for opinion ·2026/0138(COD)
15 Jul 2026Mistral AIExchange of Views · Rapporteur for opinion ·2026/0138(COD)
14 Jul 2026VerDiExchange of Views · Shadow rapporteur ·2026/0074(COD)
Meetings on legislative files
Declared meetings that name a file, the recorded role on that file, and the plenary roll-call, in date order.
6 meetings on 3 files
These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
Safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union
Shadow2025/0335(COD)appointed 25 Sep 2025
The 28th regime corporate legal framework – 'EU Inc.'
Shadow2026/0074(COD)appointed 17 Jul 2026
- VerDiShadow rapporteur
Source: European Parliament meeting declarations · EU Transparency Register · HowTheyVote.eu / EP roll-call · EP Open Data Portal (roles) · How we match meetings to files
Parliamentary questions
Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)
20written and priority questions as author or co-author
Written 16 · Priority 4 · 20 co-authored
Latest 10
- 18 Jun 2026Human trafficking and human rights violations through recruitment of non-Russian nationals, in particular from Africa, for Russia’s war of aggression in UkraineWritten question E-002532/2026To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 27Answered 6 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Jun 2026Potential conflict of interest in the appointment of the Special Envoy for Industrial AIPriority question P-002401/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 37Answered 13 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 May 2026Export of alumina from a Member State entering the Russian military supply chainWritten question E-001908/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 18Answered 29 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Dec 2025Designation of OpenAI’s ChatGPT under the Digital Services ActWritten question E-004826/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 2 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 20 Nov 2025EU funding of companies linked to spyware and illegal surveillanceWritten question E-004636/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 54Answered 20 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 24 Oct 2025Actions of the Commission concerning the Russian shadow fleetPriority question P-004199/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 21 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 13 Oct 2025Follow-up: protection of Hungarian citizens against biometric surveillance: follow-up of question for written answer E-002415/2025Written question E-004013/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 41Answered 5 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 7 Oct 2025US TikTok deal and the ‘MAGA algorithm’Written question E-003925/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 1 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 26 Sept 2025Energy dimension of the EU-US trade dealWritten question E-003743/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 17Answered 4 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Jul 2025Ensuring public transparency in the General-Purpose AI Code of PracticeWritten question E-002796/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 20 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 20 questionsShow fewer
- 6 Jun 2025US decision to suspend student visas and social media screeningWritten question E-002295/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 45Answered 12 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Apr 2025Digital protection against digital transnational repressionWritten question E-001431/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 30 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 2 Apr 2025The financing of Radio Free Europe/Radio LibertyWritten question E-001357/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 38Answered 3 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Feb 2025EU-based shipping companies selling vessels to the Russian shadow fleetWritten question E-000602/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 13Answered 12 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 13 Jan 2025Protecting the Bundestag elections – threat of X manipulating votesWritten question E-000093/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 17Answered 4 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Dec 2024Rule of law violations in CroatiaPriority question P-002837/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 23Answered 11 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 21 Nov 2024Change of algorithm on X before US electionPriority question P-002623/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 41Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 6 Nov 2024Clarification of Article 5 of the Artificial Intelligence Act regarding the deployment of remote biometric identification systems in publicly accessible spacesWritten question E-002452/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 16Answered 26 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 1 Oct 2024Georgia’s newly adopted anti-LGBTIQ+ lawWritten question E-001891/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 16Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 24 Sept 2024Human rights violations by EU-funded forces in TunisiaWritten question E-001795/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 48Answered 12 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 23 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted
About Sergey LAGODINSKY
Sergey Lagodinsky is a Member of the European Parliament for Germany, sitting in the Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA), the green and regionalist group, and belonging to Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. The current term, the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029), began on 16 July 2024. Since 13 November 2024, Lagodinsky has been Vice-Chair of the Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance, and since 3 October 2024 Chair of the Delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly. In the 9th parliamentary term, from 2019 to 2024, Lagodinsky was Vice-Chair of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Chair of the Delegation to the EU-Türkiye Joint Parliamentary Committee.
Summary grounded in cited sources
View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →More MEPs from Germany
More MEPs in Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
Methodology
Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.
Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →