Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities
Rapporteur2025/0545(COD)appointed 12 Jan 2026
- RATPRapporteur
2038
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029
Attendance by month
EP · roll-call · last 180 daysCredited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated
Missed votes by sitting
EP · attendance register · last 180 daysEvery plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works
- Wed, 21 Oct 2026Missed 7 of 152 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 8 Oct 2026Missed 4 of 145 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 7 Oct 2026Missed 4 of 54 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 17 Sept 2026Missed 1 of 124 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 16 Sept 2026Missed 3 of 80 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 15 Sept 2026Missed 5 of 155 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 9 Jul 2026Missed all 67 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 8 Jul 2026Missed 9 of 144 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 7 Jul 2026Missed 1 of 72 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 18 Jun 2026Missed 2 of 77 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Show all 17 sitting daysShow fewer
- Wed, 17 Jun 2026Missed 7 of 127 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 21 May 2026Missed 2 of 98 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 20 May 2026Missed 4 of 96 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 18 May 2026Missed 1 of 4 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 30 Apr 2026Missed 1 of 68 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 29 Apr 2026Missed 10 of 296 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 28 Apr 2026Missed 1 of 225 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Voting Record
Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 22 Oct 2026
22 Oct 2026Escalation of Russian strikes in the EU, particularly on Bla…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strength…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postpon…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstADOPTED
Voting against the party line
Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.
Different from S&D majority
6.3% (14 of 223)
The S&D average on the same method is 4.5%. Counted only when Jean-Marc GERMAIN cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.
Different from national-party majority
1.8% (4 of 221)
Parti socialiste (Socialist Party) · 10 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.
Largest breaks from the group majority
22 Oct 2026Against
Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for chemical products
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 95% of voting S&D members (106 of 111) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗16 Jun 2026Against
Adjustment of customs duties and opening of tariff quotas for the import of certain goods originating in the United States of America
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 89% of voting S&D members (109 of 123) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗16 Jun 2026Abstain
Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Abstain; 88% of voting S&D members (114 of 129) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗16 Jun 2026Against
Non-application of customs duties on imports of certain goods
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 86% of voting S&D members (110 of 128) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗21 May 2026Against
Amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 on securitisation and a specific framework for simple, transparent and standardised securitisation
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 86% of voting S&D members (89 of 104) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗21 May 2026Against
Amending Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions as regards requirements for securitisation exposures
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 85% of voting S&D members (89 of 105) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗8 Jul 2026Against
EU–Mexico Interim Agreement on Trade
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Against; 83% of voting S&D members (105 of 126) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗8 Jul 2026Abstain
EU–Mexico Political, Economic and Cooperation Strategic Partnership Agreement (Interim report)
Jean-Marc GERMAIN voted Abstain; 80% of voting S&D members (102 of 127) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often
Vote predictions
Vote modelComputed from Jean-Marc GERMAIN’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.
90% accurate on 5,752 held-out votes
Coming up in plenary, early prediction
EU agri-food promotion policy
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 75% of 582 agriculture votes
For likely
Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 93% of 1304 digital votes
For likely
From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 61% of 997 defence votes
For likely
Predicted stance by topic
- climateFor 93% of 15
- budgetFor 93% of 15
- foreignFor 100% of 12
- tradeFor 64% of 11
- economyFor 55% of 11
- employmentFor 100% of 11
- transportFor 90% of 10
- rule of lawFor 100% of 9
- digitalFor 88% of 8
- fisheriesFor 71% of 7
- defenceFor 57% of 7
- healthFor 67% of 6
- agricultureFor 80% of 5
- migrationFor 50% of 4
- justiceFor 100% of 4
- institutionalFor 100% of 4
- energyFor 67% of 3
Votes Jean-Marc missed, how they would likely have voted
Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Monacolins from red yeast rice
2026-10-08
Against · 77%
99% of 99 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Certain botanical species containing hydroxyanthracene derivatives
2026-10-08
Against · 75%
92% of 95 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Lead in gunshot
2026-10-08
Against · 76%
96% of 91 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Lead in gunshot
2026-10-08
Against · 77%
100% of 89 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
EU-Switzerland Agreement on the transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime
2026-09-16
For · 95%
95% of 113 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 88% of 8 digital votes · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Rapporteur files
Files in the 2024–2029 term where Jean-Marc GERMAIN was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.
Rapporteur · 4
Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities
2025/0545(COD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 12 Jan 2026
Implementation of the rule of law conditionality regime
2025/2061(INI) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 12 Mar 2025
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium - EGF/2025/004 BE/Tupperware
2026/0004(BUD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 27 Jan 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers (EGF/2025/000 TA 2025 - Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission)
2025/0135(BUD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 5 Jun 2025
Opinion rapporteur · 4
Writes another committee's opinion for the lead committee.
The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report – annual report 2025
2025/2239(INI) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 28 Nov 2025
Voted for on this file · 29 Apr 2026
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1057 establishing the European Social Fund + (ESF+) as regards specific measures to address strategic challenges
2025/0085(COD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 12 May 2025
Protocol on the Implementation of the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (2024-2029)
2024/0159(NLE) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 7 Oct 2024
European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products (‘EDIP’)
2024/0061(COD) ↗ · BUDG · appointed 23 Jul 2024
Shadow rapporteur · 6
Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium – EGF/2025/009 BE/Soliver
2026/0097(BUD) ↗ · appointed 11 May 2026
Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Liberia on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade in timber products to the European Union
2025/0259(NLE) ↗ · appointed 19 Mar 2026
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers following an application from Belgium - EGF/2025/007 BE/Casa
2026/0038(BUD) ↗ · appointed 24 Feb 2026
Establishing the European Fund for economic, social and territorial cohesion, agriculture and rural, fisheries and maritime, prosperity and security for the period 2028-2034
2025/0240(COD) ↗ · appointed 19 Jan 2026
Termination of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Cameroon on forest law enforcement governance and trade in timber and derived products to the Union
2024/0245(NLE) ↗ · appointed 14 Oct 2024
Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund to support workers made redundant following an application from Belgium — EGF/2024/001 BE/Match-Smatch
2024/0226(BUD) ↗ · appointed 18 Sep 2024
Show more: shadow rapporteur for opinions (8)
Follows another committee’s opinion for their political group.
European Defence Readiness 2030: assessment of needs
2025/2142(INI) ↗ · appointed 7 Oct 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2021/691 as regards support to workers affected by imminent job displacement in enterprises undergoing restructuring
2025/0073(COD) ↗ · appointed 23 Jun 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism
2025/0039(COD) ↗ · appointed 30 Apr 2025
Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards the extension of its scope to downstream goods and anti-circumvention measures
2025/0419(COD) ↗ · appointed 7 Apr 2025
Implementing Protocol (2025-2030) to the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Government of Greenland and the Government of Denmark
2024/0263(NLE) ↗ · appointed 16 Jan 2025
Macro-financial assistance to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
2024/0086(COD) ↗ · appointed 7 Dec 2024
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Protocol (2024-2029) implementing the Fisheries Partnership Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Cabo Verde
2024/0133(NLE) ↗ · appointed 14 Oct 2024
Establishing the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and providing exceptional macro-financial assistance to Ukraine
2024/0234(COD) ↗ · appointed 2 Oct 2024
Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 24 Oct 2026 · How we compile this
Financial Declarations
Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP
Estimated outside income
€35,940–39,534/year
Based on declared income bands
0 declared activities
1 board membership
Regional Councillor of Ile de France€35,940/yearBoard
Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026
View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →Events and gifts declared to the Parliament
Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)
These lists link to declarations Jean-Marc GERMAIN made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.
Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)
- 21 Nov 2025Declaration (PDF) ↗
- 17 Jul 2025Declaration (PDF) ↗
Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)
No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.
All filings: Jean-Marc GERMAIN's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗
Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed
Recent Lobby Meetings
Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
30 Jun 2026Social Economy EuropePerformance · Rapporteur ·2025/0545(COD)
17 Jun 2026RATPPerformance · Rapporteur ·2025/0545(COD)
8 Jun 2026Conference of Peripheral Maritime RegionsCohesion policy · Member
8 Jun 2026Housing EuropeHousing · Member
5 Jun 2026Hostage InternationalDétention arbitraire · Member
1 Jun 2026European Environmental BureauMFF · Member
5 May 2026Les Restaurants du CœurFSE+ · Member ·2025/0239(COD)
29 Apr 2026SOS OtagesDétention arbitraire · Member
Meetings on legislative files
Declared meetings that name a file, the recorded role on that file, and the plenary roll-call, in date order.
3 meetings on 2 files
These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
Establishing the European Social Fund as part of the National and Regional Partnership Plan set out in Regulation (EU) […] [NRPPlan] establishing conditions for the implementation of the Union support to quality employment, skills and social inclusion for the period from 2028 to 2034
Source: European Parliament meeting declarations · EU Transparency Register · HowTheyVote.eu / EP roll-call · EP Open Data Portal (roles) · How we match meetings to files
Parliamentary questions
Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)
24written and priority questions as author or co-author
Written 16 · Priority 8 · 23 co-authored
Not in this count: 2 oral questions
Latest 10
- 21 Sept 2026Systematic destruction of books by AI companiesWritten question E-003768/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 30Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 7 Sept 2026Extraterritorial impact of the US designation of Autistici/Inventati as a terrorist entityPriority question P-003526/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 28Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 2 Sept 2026Protecting workers from extreme heatwavesWritten question E-003456/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 8Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 14 Jul 2026Preserving EU capacities to produce paper pulp and cellulose fibres – state of affairs at Fibre ExcellencePriority question P-002901/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 12Answered 12 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Jun 2026Potential conflict of interest in the appointment of the Special Envoy for Industrial AIPriority question P-002401/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 37Answered 13 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 23 Apr 2026Risks hanging over the European steel industry and use of public funding by ArcelorMittalWritten question E-001682/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 12Answered 8 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Mar 2026Privacy risks and GDPR compliance issues linked to Meta’s smart glasses and AI training practicesPriority question P-000903/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 34Answered 1 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Feb 2026Mayor of Budapest fined and charged without trial for organising a Pride march in the EUWritten question E-000446/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 81Answered 10 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 2 Feb 2026Suspension of the EU-Qatar aviation agreementWritten question E-000413/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 14Answered 16 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 20 Nov 2025Support for cross-border night trains in EuropePriority question P-004634/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 15Answered 9 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 24 questionsShow fewer
- 30 Sept 2025Flexibility in the use of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in relation to funding of European Defence Investment Programme (EDIP) projectsWritten question E-003796/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 10 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Sept 2025Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive and the effective implementation of the Polluter Pays principleWritten question E-003552/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 11 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 15 Sept 2025Situation of the silicon industry in Europe and in FrancePriority question P-003550/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 12Answered 13 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Sept 2025Protection of journalists and investigation into killings in GazaWritten question E-003482/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 108Answered 4 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Jun 2025Enforcement of the Digital Markets Act in the context of EU-US trade negotiationsPriority question P-002647/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 24Answered 29 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 27 Jun 2025New studies confirming carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure to glyphosate at relevant levelsWritten question E-002611/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 31Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 26 Jun 2025Reported environmental and human rights abuses of EU steel companies in non-EU countries and the need to uphold the CSDDD’s objectiveWritten question E-002596/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 26Answered 11 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 24 Apr 2025Cancellation of VPAs and replacement by Forest PartnershipsWritten question E-001647/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 16 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 5 Mar 2025Strengthening EU sanctions against the Russian shadow fleet by aligning with international partnersWritten question E-000937/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 10Answered 14 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 Feb 2025Action plan on rare diseasesWritten question E-000886/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 33Answered 26 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Feb 2025New own resourcesWritten question E-000475/2025To the CommissionAnswered 23 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Feb 2025Position of the Council of the EU on new own resourcesWritten question E-000474/2025To the Councilco-authored with 1Answered 5 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 3 Feb 2025Obstacle to competition in France’s outlying territories: upholding EU law in the face of the high cost of livingPriority question P-000461/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 19Answered 31 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 24 Sept 2024Human rights violations by EU-funded forces in TunisiaWritten question E-001795/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 48Answered 12 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 2 oral questionsShow fewer
- 11 Mar 2026Financing EU priorities in a sustainable, predictable and resilient way through a new EU own resource from the online gambling and betting services sectorOral question O-000014/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 42Question ↗PDF ↗
- 19 Sept 2025Suspension of the EU-Qatar agreement on air transportOral question O-000031/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 35Question ↗PDF ↗
Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 24 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted
About Jean-Marc GERMAIN
Jean-Marc Germain is a Member of the European Parliament for France, belonging to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D), the centre-left group, and to the Parti socialiste. Germain has been an MEP in the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029) since 16 July 2024.
Summary grounded in cited sources
View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →More MEPs from France
More MEPs in Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Methodology
Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.
Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →