EU - Republic of Korea Digital Trade Agremeent
- European Chamber of Commerce in KoreaRapporteurTransparency Register: European Chamber of Commerce in Korea
- Ambassador Rep. of KoreaRapporteur
1785
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029
Attendance by month
EP · roll-call · last 180 daysCredited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated
Missed votes by sitting
EP · attendance register · last 180 daysEvery plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works
- Thu, 22 Oct 2026Missed 2 of 76 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 21 Oct 2026Missed 4 of 152 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 8 Oct 2026Missed all 145 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 7 Oct 2026Missed all 54 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 6 Oct 2026Missed all 27 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 5 Oct 2026Missed the 1 voteNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 17 Sept 2026Missed all 124 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 15 Sept 2026Missed 1 of 155 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 8 Jul 2026Missed 3 of 144 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 7 Jul 2026Missed 1 of 72 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Show all 20 sitting daysShow fewer
- Thu, 18 Jun 2026Missed 1 of 77 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 17 Jun 2026Missed 4 of 127 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Tue, 16 Jun 2026Missed 1 of 40 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 15 Jun 2026Missed all 2 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 21 May 2026Missed 1 of 98 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 20 May 2026Missed 1 of 96 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 18 May 2026Missed all 4 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Thu, 30 Apr 2026Missed 2 of 68 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Wed, 29 Apr 2026Missed 2 of 296 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
- Mon, 27 Apr 2026Missed all 2 votesNot excusedAttendance register ↗Roll-call votes ↗
Voting Record
Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 22 Oct 2026
22 Oct 2026Escalation of Russian strikes in the EU, particularly on Bla…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Cohesion policy in the EU’s eastern border regions: strength…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Revised heat and fuel benchmark values for 2026-2030EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗ForADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Simplification of certain requirements and procedures for ch…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstREJECTED
22 Oct 2026Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postpon…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗AgainstADOPTED
22 Oct 2026Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postpon…EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Not votingREJECTED
Voting against the party line
Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Lina GÁLVEZ voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.
Different from S&D majority
1.5% (3 of 198)
The S&D average on the same method is 4.5%. Counted only when Lina GÁLVEZ cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.
Different from national-party majority
1.0% (2 of 198)
Partido Socialista Obrero Español (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) · 18 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.
Largest breaks from the group majority
29 Apr 2026Abstain
The Commission’s 2025 Rule of Law report
Lina GÁLVEZ voted Abstain; 89% of voting S&D members (107 of 120) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗15 Sept 2026Against
Market stability reserve for the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): ceasing the invalidation of allowances
Lina GÁLVEZ voted Against; 89% of voting S&D members (114 of 128) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗20 Oct 2026Against
Objection pursuant to Rule 114(3): Certification methodologies for carbon farming activities
Lina GÁLVEZ voted Against; 75% of voting S&D members (92 of 123) voted For.
EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often
Vote predictions
Vote modelComputed from Lina GÁLVEZ’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.
90% accurate on 5,752 held-out votes
Coming up in plenary, early prediction
EU agri-food promotion policy
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 75% of 582 agriculture votes
For likely
Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 93% of 1304 digital votes
For likely
From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up
2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 61% of 997 defence votes
For likely
Predicted stance by topic
- budgetFor 93% of 15
- digitalFor 100% of 11
- tradeFor 91% of 11
- climateFor 70% of 10
- transportFor 90% of 10
- foreignFor 100% of 9
- economyFor 78% of 9
- rule of lawFor 88% of 8
- fisheriesFor 86% of 7
- employmentFor 100% of 7
- defenceFor 67% of 6
- agricultureFor 75% of 4
- justiceFor 100% of 4
- healthAgainst 67% of 3
- institutionalFor 100% of 3
Votes Lina missed, how they would likely have voted
Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postponement of certain obligations
2026-10-22
For · 95%
43% of 91 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 70% of 10 climate votes · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
The need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood network
2026-10-08
Against · 76%
97% of 87 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
The 2026 undemocratic elections to the Russian State Duma and its implications on civil society
2026-10-08
For · 95%
100% of 99 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 9 foreign votes · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Pilot project on European Schools Alliances and its contribution to citizenship education, democratic competences and European values
2026-10-08
For · 95%
99% of 101 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 88% of 8 rule of law votes · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
The cases of Ali Karimli, Anar Mammadli and other political prisoners in Azerbaijan
2026-10-08
For · 95%
100% of 101 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 75% of the last 20 cast votes
Rapporteur files
Files in the 2024–2029 term where Lina GÁLVEZ was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.
Rapporteur · 4
Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.
Conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the Agreement on Digital Trade between the European Union and the Republic of Korea
2025/0273(NLE) ↗ · INTA · appointed 24 Sep 2025
Menopause beyond a health issue: turning menopause into an economic, working and social priority
2026/2055(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 21 Sep 2026
Recommendation to the Council on EU priorities for the 70th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women
2025/2240(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 3 Sep 2025
Recommendation to the Council on the EU priorities for the 69th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women
2024/2057(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 10 Oct 2024
Opinion rapporteur · 11
Writes another committee's opinion for the lead committee.
Boosting skills in the Union – opportunities for vocational education and training in times of transition
2026/2070(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 23 Jun 2026
Voted for on this file · 21 Oct 2026
Laying down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2028 to 2034
2025/0571(APP) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 15 Jan 2026
Establishing a budget expenditure tracking and performance framework and other horizontal rules for the Union programmes and activities
2025/0545(COD) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 15 Jan 2026
Human Rights and Democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025
2025/2166(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 5 Nov 2025
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2026 - all sections
2025/0210(BUD) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 8 Jul 2025
Developing a new EU anti-poverty strategy
2025/2095(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 11 Jun 2025
Humanitarian aid in a time of polycrisis – reaffirming our principles for a more effective and ambitious response to humanitarian crises
2025/2085(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 22 May 2025
Implementation and delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in view of the 2025 High-Level Political Forum
2025/2014(INI) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 20 May 2025
2023 discharge: General budget of the EU - Agencies
2024/2030(DEC) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 14 Oct 2024
2023 discharge: General budget of the EU - Commission
2024/2019(DEC) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 14 Oct 2024
General budget of the European Union for the financial year 2025 - all sections
2024/0176(BUD) ↗ · FEMM · appointed 24 Jul 2024
Shadow rapporteur · 4
Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695
2025/0543(COD) ↗ · appointed 26 Nov 2025
Gender pay and pension gap in the EU: state of play, challenges and the way forward, and developing guidelines for the better evaluation and fairer remuneration of work in female-dominated sectors
2025/2038(INI) ↗ · appointed 26 Sep 2025
Adoption by the Union of the Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty between the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States
2024/0148(COD) ↗ · appointed 18 Nov 2024
Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the United Nations Convention on transparency in treaty-based investor-State arbitration
2015/0012(NLE) ↗ · appointed 30 Sep 2024
Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 24 Oct 2026 · How we compile this
Financial Declarations
Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP
Estimated outside income
€0–0/year
Based on declared income bands
0 declared activities
4 board memberships
Secretary of European and International Policy, Executive PSOE AndalucíaUnpaidBoard
President Scientific Council and Vice-President FEPSUnpaidBoard
Executive Board Member Economistas Frente a la CrisisUnpaidBoard
Member of the Steering Committee of Foro de Ciencia y Tecnología (STS Forum)UnpaidBoard
Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026
View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →Events and gifts declared to the Parliament
Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)
These lists link to declarations Lina GÁLVEZ made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.
Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)
No event declarations published on the EP website for this term. See Lina GÁLVEZ's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗.
Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)
No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.
Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed
Recent Lobby Meetings
Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
16 Sept 2026Ambassador Rep. of KoreaEU - Republic of Korea Digital Trade Agremeent · Rapporteur ·2025/0273M(NLE)
10 Sept 2026European Network of Migrant WomenMigrant women - GAP IV · Committee chair
8 Sept 2026My Voice, My ChoiceMy Voice, My Choice initiative · Committee chair
15 Jul 2026ORMAZABAL ELECTRICIAA · Member ·2026/0068(COD)
7 Jul 2026Carlo BulletiAI in relation to gynaecology and reproductive medicine · Committee chair
23 Jun 2026EUROPEAN TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION|UGTMenopause and labour environment · Rapporteur ·2026/2055(INI)
10 Jun 2026European Chamber of Commerce in KoreaEU-Republic of Korea Digital Trade Agreement · Rapporteur ·2025/0273M(NLE)
9 Jun 2026BUSINESSEUROPEFP10 · Shadow rapporteur ·2025/0543(COD)
Meetings on legislative files
Declared meetings that name a file, the recorded role on that file, and the plenary roll-call, in date order.
5 meetings on 4 files
These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.
Establishing a framework of measures for the acceleration of industrial capacity and decarbonisation in strategic sectors and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1724, (EU) 2024/1735 and (EU) 2024/3110
Menopause beyond a health issue: turning menopause into an economic, working and social priority
Rapporteur2026/2055(INI)appointed 21 Sep 2026
- EUROPEAN TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION and UGTRapporteur
Establishing Horizon Europe, the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, for the period 2028-2034 laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulation (EU) 2021/695
Shadow2025/0543(COD)appointed 26 Nov 2025
Source: European Parliament meeting declarations · EU Transparency Register · HowTheyVote.eu / EP roll-call · EP Open Data Portal (roles) · How we match meetings to files
Parliamentary questions
Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)
28written and priority questions as author or co-author
Written 22 · Priority 6 · 21 co-authored
Not in this count: 3 oral questions
Latest 10
- 2 Oct 2026Lenzetto supply problems in several Member StatesWritten question E-003997/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 3Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 16 Sept 2026The Aznalcóllar mining project and protecting the Doñana National Park in accordance with EU lawWritten question E-003717/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 1Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 9 Sept 2026Insufficient early years care in AndalucíaWritten question E-003604/2026To the CommissionAwaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 24 Jul 2026Compatibility with EU law of legislative measures adopted by the Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Valencia with regard to ‘national priority’Written question E-003118/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 16Answered 15 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 16 Jul 2026Ensuring the continued operation of the Blue Flag Programme under Directive (EU) 2024/825Written question E-003031/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 29Answered 18 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 28 Apr 2026Compatibility of the principle of ‘national priority’ with EU lawWritten question E-001720/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 19Answered 1 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 1 Apr 2026Diversion of EU funding earmarked for the inclusive education of pupils with special educational needs in AndalusiaPriority question P-001354/2026To the CommissionAnswered 20 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Jan 2026European Union as a leader defending the multilateral system of women’s rightsPriority question P-000049/2026To the CommissionAnswered 11 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 4 Dec 2025New proposal on 2026 fishing opportunities in the western Mediterranean: one step closer to the possible collapse of Spain’s Mediterranean fisheries sectorWritten question E-004823/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 9Answered 11 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 17 Nov 2025Towards a sustainable balance for bottom trawling in the MediterraneanWritten question E-004578/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 6Answered 14 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 28 questionsShow fewer
- 22 Oct 2025The ongoing disinformation campaign targeting the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East and the EU’s support to the agencyWritten question E-004158/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 41Answered 25 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 10 Oct 2025Statement on the scandalous case of inconclusive mammograms in AndalusiaPriority question P-003982/2025To the CommissionAnswered 17 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Oct 2025Misinformation about the inexistant ‘post-abortion syndrome’ in Madrid and women’s rights in the EUWritten question E-003938/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 17 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 19 Sept 2025Online platforms’ responsibilities in the protection of human dignity and women’s rightsWritten question E-003638/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 9 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 3 Sept 2025Prostitution and the system of national and regional accounts: in contradiction to the EU’s fundamental principlesWritten question E-003381/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 11 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 9 Jul 2025Non-compliance with legislation in relation to the project to construct photovoltaic plants in Granada's Albaicín district, and its impactsWritten question E-002781/2025To the CommissionAnswered 8 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 14 May 2025Israel’s demolitions in Masafer YattaWritten question E-001952/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 28Answered 1 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 3 Apr 2025Proposal to expand green space in Seville’s historic centre by the Pulmón Verde associationPriority question P-001376/2025To the CommissionAnswered 13 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 8 Jan 2025Best interest of the child in cases of cross-border gender-based violence in EuropePriority question P-000040/2025To the CommissionAnswered 19 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 18 Dec 2024Breach of legislation in building the wastewater treatment plant in northern Málaga and its impactWritten question E-003020/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 1Answered 3 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 27 Nov 2024Horizon Europe: efficient grant agreementsWritten question E-002691/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: increased burden of providing budgetary detailsWritten question E-002337/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 9 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: changing a LEARWritten question E-002336/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 8 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: usual cost accounting practicesWritten question E-002335/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 23 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: legal certainty through timely informationWritten question E-002333/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 17 Dec 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: effectively closing projectsWritten question E-002332/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 10 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 30 Oct 2024Horizon Europe: lump sum fundingWritten question E-002331/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 11 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
- 5 Sept 2024New Afghan morality law or law of silence, the culmination of a regime of ‘gender apartheid ’Priority question P-001630/2024To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 6Answered 14 Oct 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 3 oral questionsShow fewer
- 9 Oct 2026The need for urgent EU action to tackle financial scam advertisements on online platformsOral question O-000042/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 55Question ↗PDF ↗
- 16 Jul 2025Declaration of principles for a gender-equal societyOral question O-000024/2025To the CommissionQuestion ↗PDF ↗
- 25 Nov 2024The EU’s priorities for the 69th session of the UN Commission on the Status of WomenOral question O-000015/2024To the CouncilQuestion ↗PDF ↗
Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 24 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted
About Lina GÁLVEZ
Lina Gálvez is a Member of the European Parliament for Spain, belonging to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D), the centre-left group, and to the Partido Socialista Obrero Español. Since 23 July 2024, Gálvez has been Chair of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. In the 9th parliamentary term, Gálvez was Vice-Chair of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. Previously, Gálvez served as Minister for Knowledge, Research and Universities of the Regional Government of Andalusia in 2018-2019, and became Professor of History and Economic Institutions at Pablo de Olavide University in 2012.
Summary grounded in cited sources
View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →More MEPs from Spain
More MEPs in Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
Methodology
Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.
Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →