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As of 22 Oct 2026, Susanna CECCARDI is a Italy MEP in Patriots for Europe (PfE); WheresMyMEP records 99.2% roll-call attendance, 239 notable vote records, 0 disclosed lobby meetings and declared outside income of €0–€0/year (data as of 22 Oct 2026).

Cite this: WheresMyMEP, data as of 22 Oct 2026, source European Parliament

Susanna CECCARDI

🇮🇹

Patriots · Italy

Lega

99.2% attendance
View official EP profile →
99.2%
Attendance · last 180 days
#81 of 717 on the leaderboard
2150
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029

Attendance by month

EP · roll-call · last 180 days

Credited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated

Susanna CECCARDI monthly attendance compared with the EU mean0255075100100.0%95.0%99.2%99.6%99.4%99.6%Apr ’26May ’26Jun ’26Jul ’26Sept ’26Oct ’26

Missed votes by sitting

EP · attendance register · last 180 days

Every plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works

Voting Record

Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 22 Oct 2026

Download CSV →

Voting against the party line

Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Susanna CECCARDI voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.

EP roll-call · HowTheyVote.eu

Different from PfE majority

23.7% (56 of 236)

The PfE average on the same method is 18.6%. Counted only when Susanna CECCARDI cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.

Different from national-party majority

0.8% (2 of 237)

Lega · 7 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.

Largest breaks from the group majority
9 Jul 2026

Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness

Susanna CECCARDI voted Abstain; 93% of voting PfE members (62 of 67) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
17 Sept 2026

Strengthening global health resilience in partner countries

Susanna CECCARDI voted Abstain; 91% of voting PfE members (52 of 57) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
20 May 2026

EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (resolution)

Susanna CECCARDI voted For; 86% of voting PfE members (68 of 79) voted Abstain.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
20 Oct 2026

Suspending the application of the rules on extended producer responsibility for batteries and waste batteries and packaging and packaging waste (Omnibus VIII on environmental legislation)

Susanna CECCARDI voted Abstain; 85% of voting PfE members (69 of 81) voted For.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
20 Oct 2026

Suspending the application of the rules on extended producer responsibility for waste, waste electrical and electronical equipment and single use plastic waste (Omnibus VIII on environmental legislation)

Susanna CECCARDI voted Abstain; 85% of voting PfE members (69 of 81) voted For.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
29 Apr 2026

Discharge 2024: Joint Undertakings

Susanna CECCARDI voted For; 85% of voting PfE members (63 of 74) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
21 May 2026

Periodic roadworthiness tests and technical roadside inspection (Roadworthiness package)

Susanna CECCARDI voted For; 84% of voting PfE members (65 of 77) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
17 Sept 2026

Evaluation of the Common Fisheries Policy and follow-up

Susanna CECCARDI voted For; 84% of voting PfE members (58 of 69) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For

Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often

Vote predictions

Vote model

Computed from Susanna CECCARDI’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.

90% accurate on 5,752 held-out votes

Coming up in plenary, early prediction

Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration

2026-11-12 · Patriots for Europe (PfE) voted For in 54% of 810 digital votes

For likely

EU agri-food promotion policy

2026-11-12 · Patriots for Europe (PfE) voted For in 54% of 366 agriculture votes

For likely

From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up

2026-11-12 · Patriots for Europe (PfE) voted Against in 48% of 603 defence votes

Against likely

Predicted stance by topic

  • climateAgainst 50% of 16
  • budgetAgainst 67% of 15
  • foreignAgainst 42% of 12
  • digitalFor 55% of 11
  • tradeAbstain 45% of 11
  • economyAgainst 55% of 11
  • employmentFor 73% of 11
  • transportFor 60% of 10
  • rule of lawAgainst 60% of 10
  • fisheriesAgainst 63% of 8
  • defenceAbstain 63% of 8
  • healthAgainst 50% of 6
  • agricultureFor 40% of 5
  • migrationFor 75% of 4
  • justiceFor 75% of 4
  • institutionalFor 100% of 4
  • energyFor 67% of 3

Votes Susanna missed, how they would likely have voted

EU-Pakistan Agreement: modification of concessions on all the tariff rate quotas included in the EU Schedule CLXXV

2026-06-17

For · 70%

100% of 15 Patriots for Europe (PfE) MEPs voted For · voted Abstain in 45% of 11 trade votes · voted Against in 40% of the last 20 cast votes

The need to reduce work-related fatalities

2026-05-21

For · 81%

68% of 56 Patriots for Europe (PfE) MEPs voted For · voted Against in 40% of the last 20 cast votes

Rapporteur files

Files in the 2024–2029 term where Susanna CECCARDI was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.

Shadow rapporteur · 6

Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.

  • 2025 Commission report on Albania

    2025/2250(INI) ↗ · appointed 24 Feb 2026

  • Laying down minimum rules to prevent and counter the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and stay in the Union, and replacing Council Directive 2002/90/EC and Council Framework Decision 2002/946 JHA

    2023/0439(COD) ↗ · appointed 13 Feb 2026

  • Amending Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 as regards the establishment of a list of safe countries of origin at Union level

    2025/0101(COD) ↗ · appointed 2 Sep 2025

  • Amending Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 as regards provisions relating to the date of application

    2024/0249(COD) ↗ · appointed 22 Nov 2024

  • The status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (recast)

    2022/0134(COD) ↗ · appointed 27 Sep 2024

  • EU/ Republic of Serbia agreement on operational activities carried out by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in the Republic of Serbia

    2024/0074(NLE) ↗ · appointed 9 Sep 2024

Show more: shadow rapporteur for opinions (2)

Follows another committee’s opinion for their political group.

  • EU Gender Action Plan IV – priorities for gender equality and women’s rights in external action

    2026/2039(INI) ↗ · appointed 22 Jun 2026

  • Establishing Global Europe

    2025/0227(COD) ↗ · appointed 9 Feb 2026

Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 24 Oct 2026 · How we compile this

Financial Declarations

Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP

Estimated outside income

€0–0/year

Based on declared income bands

0 declared activities

1 board membership

Counselor at Fondazione Italia USAUnpaidBoard

Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026

View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →

Events and gifts declared to the Parliament

Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)

EP · self-declared · weekly

These lists link to declarations Susanna CECCARDI made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.

Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)

No event declarations published on the EP website for this term. See Susanna CECCARDI's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗.

Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)

No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.

Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed

Recent Lobby Meetings

Meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.

EU Transparency Register · Updated daily

No lobby meetings recorded for Susanna CECCARDI on the EU Transparency Register.

Parliamentary questions

Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)

EP · open data · updated daily
55written and priority questions as author or co-author

Written 46 · Priority 9 · 43 co-authored

Not in this count: 1 oral question

Latest 10

  • 12 Oct 2026Affordable housing act: its legal basis and the principle of subsidiarityWritten question E-004112/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 6Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
  • 8 Aug 2026The Ceuta border crisis and protecting the EU’s external bordersPriority question P-003231/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 18 Sept 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 Aug 2026Radical Islamism: threat to the LGBT+ community and the need to protect public safety in the EUWritten question E-003220/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 5Answered 16 Oct 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 17 Jul 2026Infringement procedure against all Member States for failure to transpose the Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveWritten question E-003045/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 6Answered 19 Oct 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 24 Jun 2026Repeated fires in waste recycling and treatment plants in Italy, protection of public health and environmental monitoringPriority question P-002597/2026To the CommissionAnswered 21 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 18 May 2026Protection of the fundamental rights of an Italian citizen and her minor daughter detained in EgyptPriority question P-002027/2026To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 18 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 13 May 2026Managing the hantavirus-related health risk, transparency in EU vaccination policy and safeguards against further emergency backslidingWritten question E-002007/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 9 Jul 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 7 Apr 2026Protection of religious freedom and possible discrimination in the field of European sports competitionsWritten question E-001398/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 29 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 31 Mar 2026Risks in the Suez, Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb Straits – Crisis in global shipping routes and its ramifications for energy, inflation and supply chainsWritten question E-001338/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 22 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 16 Mar 2026Possible launch of the procedure to add the Muslim Brotherhood to the EU list of terrorist organisationsWritten question E-001064/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 6Answered 27 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 55 questions
  • 5 Mar 2026Anti-fascist movements and political violence – the real threat to democracyWritten question E-000925/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 62Answered 29 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 5 Mar 2026Commission interference: electoral processes inside the EU and political pluralism at risk?Written question E-000923/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 37Answered 4 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 25 Feb 2026Implementation of Regulation (EU) 2019/1157 and possibility of deferring the 3 August 2026 deadlinePriority question P-000783/2026To the CommissionAnswered 24 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 Feb 2026Use of drones for phytosanitary treatments in farmingWritten question E-000491/2026To the CommissionAnswered 21 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 Feb 2026Growing threat of transnational left-wing extremism and use of digital platforms in the EUWritten question E-000490/2026To the CommissionAnswered 10 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 29 Jan 2026Scientific reliability of EU policies on microplasticsWritten question E-000382/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 26 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 27 Jan 2026Urgent need for the EU to act immediately to trigger the Solidarity Fund in the light of the extreme weather events in SicilyWritten question E-000301/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 6Answered 12 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 Jan 2026British universities: UAE voices concern, Erasmus+ supports Islamism?Written question E-000268/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 21Answered 20 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 12 Jan 2026Escalation of repression in Iran, violent crackdowns against protesters and internet blackoutPriority question P-000070/2026To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 2Answered 3 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 10 Dec 2025Links between Hamas and EU-funded NGOs in GazaWritten question E-004906/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 10 Mar 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 22 Nov 2025Protection of the fundamental rights of the family living in the Abruzzo woodsPriority question P-004670/2025To the CommissionAnswered 22 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 7 Nov 2025Use of NRRP funds to finance the construction of a new telecom tower under the ‘Italy 5G’ planWritten question E-004425/2025To the CommissionAnswered 23 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 22 Oct 2025Urgent corrective action needed to address the repercussions of extending the ETS to the maritime sectorWritten question E-004174/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 28 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 9 Sept 2025Exclusion of the Automotive Regions Alliance from the strategic dialogue on the future of the automotive industryWritten question E-003493/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 8Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
  • 1 Sept 2025Role of NGO vessels in facilitating illegal immigration to ItalyWritten question E-003343/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 6 Nov 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 8 Jul 2025Proliferation of tiger mosquitoes in southern regions of France and of EuropeWritten question E-002763/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 16 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 3 Jul 2025ETS/FuelEU Maritime and IMO NZF – risk of double taxationPriority question P-002734/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 10Answered 18 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 1 Jul 2025Use of EU funds for educational activities on ‘gender’ aimed at primary school childrenWritten question E-002655/2025To the CommissionAnswered 30 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 26 Jun 2025Protecting the common agricultural policy (CAP) in the multiannual financial frameworkWritten question E-002592/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 26 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 25 Jun 2025Ending the funding for Islamic cultural centres that are actually conducting religious activitiesPriority question P-002560/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 24 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 May 2025Training given to the EU diplomatic service by the Muslim Brotherhood networkWritten question E-002090/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 17Answered 17 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 19 May 2025Call for a review of the EU tools for mitigating the fallout from zoonoses and plant diseasesWritten question E-002003/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 22 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 16 May 2025Proposed annual roadworthiness tests for vehicles more than 10 years oldWritten question E-001972/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 28Answered 17 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 15 May 2025The phenomenon of telemarketing in ItalyWritten question E-001963/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 30 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 14 May 2025Access to text messages between President von der Leyen and the CEO of PfizerWritten question E-001951/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 5Answered 10 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 14 May 2025Use of charter flights by the President of the Commission and lack of consistency with the objectives of the European Green DealWritten question E-001923/2025To the CommissionAnswered 14 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 Apr 2025Funding for ‘The European Qur’an’ projectWritten question E-001613/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 5Answered 19 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 9 Apr 2025Transparency of EU funding to NGOs and links to political activities and irregular immigrationPriority question P-001458/2025To the CommissionAnswered 16 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 9 Apr 2025The suspension of the screening of liquids, aerosols and gels in airportsWritten question E-001453/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 8 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 20 Mar 2025Reporting of EU funding to press bodies and implications for journalistic independenceWritten question E-001183/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 6 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 Mar 2025Request for clarification regarding language guidelinesWritten question E-000964/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 4Answered 19 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 12 Feb 2025Adoption of the ReFuelEU Aviation Act and the economic impact of mandatory minimum sustainable aviation fuel quotas in the air transport sectorWritten question E-000653/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 41Answered 1 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 30 Jan 2025Use of EU funds for lobbying by environmental organisationsWritten question E-000417/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
  • 27 Jan 2025Commission funding to environmental NGOs to condition the views of Members of the European ParliamentWritten question E-000357/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 64Answered 5 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 17 Jan 2025Request for clarification on the measures weakening the EU fruit-growing sector and benefiting third-country importsWritten question E-000203/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 10Answered 28 May 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 20 Dec 2024Impact of the proposed limit on total chromium in ABP fertilisers – risks to the circular economy and the EU agricultural sectorWritten question E-003073/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 2Answered 21 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 18 Dec 2024Undermining EU interests: the Lipa reception centre on the Balkan migration routeWritten question E-003043/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 25 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 13 Dec 2024Clarifications by the Commission on the management of grass clippings and prunings under Directive 2008/98/ECWritten question E-002945/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 9Answered 5 Mar 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 20 Nov 2024Conformity of Tuscany’s regional waste management planWritten question E-002592/2024To the CommissionAnswered 28 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 12 Nov 2024Question on penalties to be imposed on manufacturers from 2025 under the Regulation on CO2 emissions from light-duty vehiclesWritten question E-002503/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 52Answered 7 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 30 Oct 2024EUR 149 000 paid to professor of medieval history for writing a farming reportWritten question E-002351/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 22 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 29 Oct 2024Call for urgent measures to tackle food imports from China, a form of unfair competition that is detrimental to EU Member StatesWritten question E-002296/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 6 Jan 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 24 Oct 2024Urgent measures to protect persecuted ChristiansWritten question E-002245/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 3Answered 20 Dec 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 22 Aug 2024Recognition of Vespa as a symbol of European artistic valueWritten question E-001544/2024To the CommissionAnswered 26 Nov 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 9 Aug 2024Connectivity of the Alpine passes: the consequences of prolonging the closure of the Frejus rail tunnelWritten question E-001506/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 8 Oct 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show the 1 oral question
  • 26 Feb 2026Inclusion of the Muslim Brotherhood on the EU list of terrorist organisationsOral question O-000009/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 36Question ↗PDF ↗

Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 24 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted

About Susanna CECCARDI

Susanna Ceccardi is a Member of the European Parliament for Italy, belonging to the Patriots for Europe (PfE), the right-wing nationalist group, and to the national party Lega. Ceccardi entered the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029) on 16 July 2024. Since 19 May 2026, Ceccardi has held the office of Vice-Chair of the Patriots for Europe Group. Previously, in the 9th parliamentary term, Ceccardi was a Member of the Identity and Democracy Group from 2 July 2019 to 15 July 2024.

Summary grounded in cited sources

View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →

More MEPs in Patriots for Europe (PfE)

Methodology

Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.

Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →