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As of 22 Oct 2026, Francisco ASSIS is a Portugal MEP in Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D); WheresMyMEP records 97.9% roll-call attendance, 239 notable vote records, 20 disclosed lobby meetings and declared outside income of €0–€0/year (data as of 22 Oct 2026).

Cite this: WheresMyMEP, data as of 22 Oct 2026, source European Parliament

Francisco ASSIS

🇵🇹

S&D · Portugal

Partido Socialista (Socialist Party)

97.9% attendance

Excludes 4 sittings the Parliament officially excused (Rule 162)

View official EP profile →
97.9%
Attendance · last 180 days
#171 of 717 on the leaderboard
1843
Votes Participated
10th Term
2024 – 2029

Attendance by month

EP · roll-call · last 180 days

Credited roll-call participation in each calendar month of the current 180-day window of the 10th term, from the same per-sitting counts as the headline figure. Officially excused sittings (Rule 162) are removed from that month's denominator — a gap in the line is a fully excused month. The dashed line is the mean of ranked MEPs' monthly rates. How this is calculated

Francisco ASSIS monthly attendance compared with the EU mean0255075100Excused99.2%98.0%95.9%99.7%96.1%Apr ’26May ’26Jun ’26Jul ’26Sept ’26Oct ’26

Missed votes by sitting

EP · attendance register · last 180 days

Every plenary sitting day on which this MEP missed at least one roll-call vote, newest first. “Officially excused” means the Parliament's own record excuses the absence; those sittings are already credited in the figure above. Links open the Parliament's record for that day. How this works

Show all 17 sitting days

Voting Record

Main votes over the last 180 days · data as of 22 Oct 2026

Download CSV →

Voting against the party line

Share of recorded plenary roll-call votes where Francisco ASSIS voted differently from the majority of their European Parliament political group, or of their national-party colleagues.

EP roll-call · HowTheyVote.eu

Different from S&D majority

4.0% (8 of 201)

The S&D average on the same method is 4.5%. Counted only when Francisco ASSIS cast For, Against or Abstain and the group had a unique leading position.

Different from national-party majority

2.5% (5 of 201)

Partido Socialista (Socialist Party) · 8 sitting MEPs. Singleton delegations are excluded.

Largest breaks from the group majority
8 Oct 2026

The need for an EU strategy to counter Islamist entryism and the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood network

Francisco ASSIS voted For; 97% of voting S&D members (84 of 87) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
17 Sept 2026

Political prisoners in Cuba, in particular the case of Félix Navarro and his daughter Saylí Navarro

Francisco ASSIS voted For; 95% of voting S&D members (105 of 111) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
18 Jun 2026

Political repression and humanitarian situation in Cuba

Francisco ASSIS voted For; 93% of voting S&D members (98 of 105) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
17 Jun 2026

General arrangements for excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products

Francisco ASSIS voted Abstain; 92% of voting S&D members (113 of 123) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
22 Oct 2026

Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postponement of certain obligations

Francisco ASSIS voted For; 89% of voting S&D members (91 of 102) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
17 Jun 2026

Structure and rates of excise duty applied to tobacco and tobacco related products (recast)

Francisco ASSIS voted Abstain; 86% of voting S&D members (108 of 126) voted Against.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain
7 Oct 2026

Recommendation on EU-China political relations

Francisco ASSIS voted For; 51% of voting S&D members (63 of 124) voted Abstain.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
For
22 Oct 2026

Reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector: postponement of certain obligations

Francisco ASSIS voted Abstain; 43% of voting S&D members (39 of 91) voted For.

EP roll-call results ↗via HowTheyVote.eu ↗
Abstain

Source: HowTheyVote.eu export of European Parliament roll-call results. This is a count of recorded positions, not a judgment of motive. How this is calculated · Who breaks with their group most often

Vote predictions

Vote model

Computed from Francisco ASSIS’s own roll-call record and how their group actually voted, rules, not guesswork.

90% accurate on 5,752 held-out votes

Coming up in plenary, early prediction

EU agri-food promotion policy

2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 75% of 582 agriculture votes

For likely

Institutional aspects of artificial intelligence in the context of European integration

2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 93% of 1304 digital votes

For likely

From prototypes to capabilities – enabling new defence actors to scale up

2026-11-12 · Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) voted For in 61% of 997 defence votes

For likely

Predicted stance by topic

  • climateFor 93% of 15
  • budgetFor 93% of 14
  • foreignFor 100% of 10
  • tradeFor 90% of 10
  • employmentFor 100% of 10
  • rule of lawFor 100% of 9
  • defenceFor 63% of 8
  • economyFor 88% of 8
  • digitalFor 100% of 7
  • fisheriesFor 100% of 7
  • transportFor 86% of 7
  • healthFor 67% of 6
  • agricultureFor 80% of 5
  • migrationFor 50% of 4
  • justiceFor 100% of 4
  • institutionalFor 100% of 4

Votes Francisco missed, how they would likely have voted

Objection pursuant to Rule 115(2), (3) and (4)(c): Lead in gunshot

2026-10-08

Against · 75%

96% of 91 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes

Feasibility of a 28th tax regime and its potential to support EU competitiveness

2026-07-09

For · 95%

92% of 107 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes

Ongoing persecution of Christians in Nigeria, notably the Kawel village massacre

2026-07-09

For · 95%

100% of 110 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes

The threat of war crimes, the escalating violations of international humanitarian law and the human rights situation in El-Obeid, Sudan

2026-07-09

For · 95%

99% of 110 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted For · voted For in 100% of 9 rule of law votes · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes

Temporary derogation from the ePrivacy directive

2026-07-09

Against · 66%

62% of 100 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) MEPs voted Against · voted For in 80% of the last 20 cast votes

Rapporteur files

Files in the 2024–2029 term where Francisco ASSIS was appointed to write the Parliament’s report or a committee opinion, or to follow the file for their political group as shadow rapporteur.

Rapporteur · 4

Writes the lead committee's report. Legislative files first, then own-initiative reports.

  • Administrative cooperation in the field of taxation (recast)

    2026/0168(CNS) ↗ · ECON · appointed 10 Sep 2026

  • New Eurojust Regulation

    2026/0164(COD) ↗ · LIBE · appointed 15 Jul 2026

  • Human Rights and Democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2025

    2025/2166(INI) ↗ · AFET · appointed 9 Sep 2025

  • Financial activities of the European Investment Bank – annual report 2024

    2024/2053(INI) ↗ · ECON · appointed 19 Sep 2024

Shadow rapporteur · 16

Follows the lead committee’s report for their political group.

  • Financial activities of the European Investment Bank Group – annual report 2026

    2026/2120(INI) ↗ · appointed 10 Sep 2026

  • Conclusion of an Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Lebanon on the cooperation between the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust) and the authorities of the Republic of Lebanon competent for judicial cooperation in criminal matters

    2024/0155(NLE) ↗ · appointed 23 Feb 2026

  • Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1238 on a pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP)

    2025/0363(COD) ↗ · appointed 13 Feb 2026

  • Implementing the bilateral safeguard clause of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement and the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement for agricultural products

    2025/0322(COD) ↗ · appointed 25 Nov 2025

  • Phasing out Russian natural gas imports, improving monitoring of potential energy dependencies and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1938

    2025/0180(COD) ↗ · appointed 14 Jul 2025

  • Accession of Vanuatu to the Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Pacific States, of the other part

    2025/0055(NLE) ↗ · appointed 9 Jul 2025

  • Amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 as regards the extension of the timeframe for the establishment of the Eurojust case management system

    2025/0074(COD) ↗ · appointed 24 Jun 2025

  • Conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Southern Common Market, the Argentine Republic, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Republic of Paraguay and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, of the other part

    2025/0192(NLE) ↗ · appointed 19 Mar 2025

Show 8 more
  • Modification of customs duties applicable to imports of certain goods originating in or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

    2025/0021(COD) ↗ · appointed 19 Feb 2025

  • Temporary derogation from certain provisions of Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 and Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards a progressive start of operations of the Entry/Exit System

    2024/0315(COD) ↗ · appointed 15 Jan 2025

  • Strengthening the security of identity cards of Union citizens and of residence documents issued to Union citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement

    2024/0187(CNS) ↗ · appointed 12 Nov 2024

  • Human rights and democracy in the world and the European Union’s policy on the matter – annual report 2024

    2024/2081(INI) ↗ · appointed 24 Oct 2024

  • Accession of Tonga to the Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, and the Pacific States

    2024/0048(NLE) ↗ · appointed 30 Sep 2024

  • Accession of Niue to the Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Pacific States, of the other part

    2024/0010(NLE) ↗ · appointed 30 Sep 2024

  • EC-Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement: accession of Tuvalu

    2023/0456(NLE) ↗ · appointed 30 Sep 2024

  • The status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (recast)

    2022/0134(COD) ↗ · appointed 27 Sep 2024

Show more: shadow rapporteur for opinions (2)

Follows another committee’s opinion for their political group.

  • Global Gateway -– past impacts and future orientation

    2025/2073(INI) ↗ · appointed 8 Apr 2025

  • Amending Directives 2006/43/EC, 2013/34/EU, (EU) 2022/2464 and (EU) 2024/1760 as regards certain corporate sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements

    2025/0045(COD) ↗ · appointed 19 Mar 2025

Dates are appointment dates. The Parliament’s data doesn’t mark rapporteurs who were later replaced, so a role listed here may have ended; the linked Legislative Observatory (OEIL) file is the authoritative record. Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · data as of 24 Oct 2026 · How we compile this

Financial Declarations

Declared to the European Parliament · Self-reported by the MEP

Estimated outside income

€0–0/year

Based on declared income bands

0 declared activities

1 board membership

President of the General Council of Instituto Politécnico do PortoUnpaidBoard

Source: European Parliament declarations · Self-reported · Last updated: 23 Mar 2026

View original declaration on europarl.europa.eu →

Events and gifts declared to the Parliament

Self-declared by the MEP, 10th term (since July 2024)

EP · self-declared · weekly

These lists link to declarations Francisco ASSIS made to the European Parliament. They are self-declared by the MEP, and the linked EP document is the authoritative record. Having no declarations does not mean having no events: events paid for by EU institutions or bodies, national governments or political parties do not have to be declared, and a declaration can be missing or filed late.

Events paid for by third parties (self-declared)

No event declarations published on the EP website for this term. See Francisco ASSIS's declarations on europarl.europa.eu ↗.

Gifts notified to the President (self-declared)

No entries for this MEP in the Parliament's register of gifts ↗ for this term.

Source: European Parliament website (MEP declarations; Register of gifts) · declarations retrieved 30 Sept 2026 · register retrieved 30 Sept 2026. What is listed

Recent Lobby Meetings

Most recent meetings disclosed on the EU Transparency Register. These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.

EU Transparency Register · Updated daily
14 Oct 2026Representação Permanente de Portugal junto da União EuropeiaProposal for a Regulation on Eurojust · Rapporteur ·2026/0164(COD)
14 Oct 2026Représentation Permanente de la France auprès de L'Union EuropéenneProposal for a Regulation on Eurojust · Rapporteur ·2026/0164(COD)
13 Oct 2026World Uyghur CongressSituation of the Uyghur minority in China · Member
8 Oct 2026PWCDAC (recast) · Rapporteur ·2026/0168(CNS)
6 Oct 2026Institute for Peace and DemocracyHuman Rights in Azerbaijan · Member
30 Sept 2026Plataforma Portuguesa para os Direitos das MulheresConclusões da investigação nacional do projeto MOTERIS sobre o espaço cívico das…
30 Sept 2026Brot für die WeltLabour and Human Rights in Cambodia · Member
29 Sept 2026European Tech AllianceDAC (recast) · Rapporteur ·2026/0168(CNS)

Meetings on legislative files

Declared meetings that name a file, the recorded role on that file, and the plenary roll-call, in date order.

Self-declared · last 6 months

4 meetings on 2 files

These meetings are self-declared by MEPs. Not every MEP publishes meeting declarations, so a missing entry is not evidence that no meeting took place. A disclosed meeting is a recorded contact, not evidence that it influenced a vote.

New Eurojust Regulation

Rapporteur
2026/0164(COD)appointed 15 Jul 2026
  1. Representação Permanente de Portugal junto da União EuropeiaRapporteur
  2. Représentation Permanente de la France auprès de L'Union EuropéenneRapporteur

Source: European Parliament meeting declarations · EU Transparency Register · HowTheyVote.eu / EP roll-call · EP Open Data Portal (roles) · How we match meetings to files

Parliamentary questions

Written questions to the Commission, the Council and other EU bodies, 10th term (since July 2024)

EP · open data · updated daily
33written and priority questions as author or co-author

Written 22 · Priority 11 · 26 co-authored

Latest 10

  • 7 Sept 2026Extraterritorial impact of the US designation of Autistici/Inventati as a terrorist entityPriority question P-003526/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 28Awaiting answerQuestion ↗PDF ↗
  • 16 Jul 2026One year since Portuguese citizen and pro-democracy Macao activist Au Kam San’s arrestWritten question E-003008/2026To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 21 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 15 Jul 2026Arbitrary preventive arrest of the leader of the opposition in Guinea-Bissau, Domingos Simões PereiraPriority question P-002953/2026To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 7Answered 7 Aug 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 17 Jun 2026Request that the Commission publish evidence pertaining to the non-activation of the Blocking StatuteWritten question E-002520/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 31Answered 5 Oct 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 5 May 2026Portuguese dissidents detained in inhumane conditions in VenezuelaPriority question P-001823/2026To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 5 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 Mar 2026EU support for MozambiquePriority question P-001206/2026To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 7Answered 9 Jun 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 12 Mar 2026Situation in SudanWritten question E-001036/2026To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 13Answered 30 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 19 Feb 2026The European Parliament’s call to trigger the blocking statute to protect and safeguard the International Criminal CourtWritten question E-000718/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 54Answered 13 May 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 4 Feb 2026Mayor of Budapest fined and charged without trial for organising a Pride march in the EUWritten question E-000446/2026To the Commissionco-authored with 81Answered 10 Apr 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 Dec 2025Follow-up request on activation of the blocking statuteWritten question E-005056/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 20Answered 18 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
Show all 33 questions
  • 21 Dec 2025Arbitrary detention of Irish-Togolese dual citizen Abdoul-Aziz Goma in Togo, and the deterioration of his healthPriority question P-005043/2025To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 27 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 20 Nov 2025EU funding of companies linked to spyware and illegal surveillanceWritten question E-004636/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 54Answered 20 Feb 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 14 Nov 2025The unlawful confiscation of Baha’i properties in IranWritten question E-004551/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 17Answered 5 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 24 Oct 2025Urgent appeal regarding the case of Joseph Figueira MartinPriority question P-004194/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 1Answered 5 Dec 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 22 Oct 2025Delay in reporting by the CommissionWritten question E-004164/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 7Answered 13 Jan 2026Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 23 Jul 2025Escalation of human rights violations in IranWritten question E-003069/2025To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 5 Sept 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 Jun 2025US decision to suspend student visas and social media screeningWritten question E-002295/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 45Answered 12 Aug 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 15 May 2025The case of Azerbaijani political prisoner Tofig YagubluWritten question E-001955/2025To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 1 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 6 May 2025Adoption of targeted sanctions against military individuals responsible for lethal attacks on civilians and other serious human rights violations in SudanWritten question E-001817/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 19Answered 16 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 30 Apr 2025Arbitrary arrest and torture of Belgian-Portuguese researcher Joseph Figueira Martin in the Central African RepublicPriority question P-001737/2025To the Vice-President / High RepresentativeAnswered 20 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 24 Apr 2025Enforcement of the Digital Services Act (DSA)Written question E-001646/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 12Answered 22 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 11 Apr 2025Safeguarding the memory of Argentina’s desaparecidosWritten question E-001499/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 14Answered 17 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 7 Apr 2025Taxation of big digital tech companiesWritten question E-001409/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 38Answered 17 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 19 Mar 2025Seizing the Russian shadow fleet in the Baltic Sea: the Commission’s measures to prevent vessel salesWritten question E-001174/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 60Answered 29 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 18 Mar 2025Withdrawal of the proposed horizontal anti-discrimination directivePriority question P-001148/2025To the Councilco-authored with 46Answered 24 Jul 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 11 Mar 2025Human rights violations in GuatemalaWritten question E-001050/2025To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 16Answered 12 Jun 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 12 Feb 2025The death of three minors at the Bulgarian borderWritten question E-000665/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 34Answered 29 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 7 Feb 2025Impact of the closure of USAID on Latin America, in particular on the seven million Venezuelan refugeesWritten question E-000576/2025To the CommissionAnswered 28 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 14 Jan 2025Request for urgent action concerning the inclusion of announced US sanctions against the ICC in the annex to Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96 (Blocking Statute)Priority question P-000121/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 29Answered 10 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 14 Jan 2025Violations identified by the Council of Europe anti-torture committee in detention and return centres in ItalyWritten question E-000124/2025To the Commissionco-authored with 31Answered 29 Apr 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 26 Nov 2024Conflicts of interest and political interference by Elon MuskWritten question E-002653/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 29Answered 20 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 21 Nov 2024Change of algorithm on X before US electionPriority question P-002623/2024To the Commissionco-authored with 41Answered 12 Feb 2025Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗
  • 27 Sept 2024Serious violations of the human rights of people in northern Mozambique by the Mozambican militaryPriority question P-001864/2024To the Vice-President / High Representativeco-authored with 5Answered 30 Oct 2024Question ↗PDF ↗Answer ↗Answer PDF ↗

Source: European Parliament Open Data Portal · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved from the EP 24 Oct 2026 · newest question tabled 20 Oct 2026. The Parliament publishes a question about one to two weeks after it is tabled, so the newest may not be listed yet. What is counted

About Francisco ASSIS

Francisco Assis is a Member of the European Parliament for Portugal, sitting in the Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D), the centre-left group, and belonging to the Partido Socialista. The current mandate, in the 10th parliamentary term (2024–2029), began on 16 July 2024. Since 3 October 2024, Assis has been Chair of the Delegation to the OACPS-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. Earlier, Assis served in the 6th and 8th parliamentary terms, and in the 8th term was Chair of the Delegation for relations with Mercosur from 13 October 2014 to 1 July 2019.

Summary grounded in cited sources

View official profile on europarl.europa.eu →

More MEPs in Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)

Methodology

Attendance is calculated based on roll-call votes in plenary sessions of the European Parliament. Committee votes are excluded. Abstaining counts as present; not voting counts as absent. Sittings for which the Parliament officially excused a Member (Rule 162: illness, serious family reasons, official mission, or pregnancy and maternity leave, which the Parliament excuses for three months before and six months after a birth) are credited, not counted as absences. We credit only what the Parliament's own record shows: the “excused” list in each sitting's minutes, or leave documented in another official Parliament document. An absence the Parliament has not recorded as excused counts as an absence, even if leave has been reported in the press. Notable votes are selected based on significance, close outcomes, and high participation.

Some attendance figures carry a context note, such as maternity or parental leave, illness or an official mission. Each note cites a press or official report, with its source and date, and is reviewed by us before it appears. Context notes never change the attendance figure. MEPs who missed every sitting of an entire plenary session are checked by a person before they appear in any bottom-of-ranking list. Full attendance methodology →